54 Days at Sea — Istanbul; Blue Mosque and Hagia Sophia


Blue Mosque

The Sultan Ahmed “Blue” Mosque is an incredibly large and complex structure, especially when one considers that it was built in the early 17th Century. Up to 10,000 worshipers can gather under its multi-domed roof.

Blue Mosque

And note the extensive use of early 17th Century electric lighting throughout! Just kidding. That stuff wasn’t added until a little while later, I’m sure.

Blue Mosque

We’re about to leave behind the Blue Mosque for a building with an even more impressive history, at least in my view. So before we proceed on our short five-minute stroll to the northeast, let’s take a last look at two of those six minarets:

Blue Mosque

After touring the grounds around the Blue Mosque and traversing the Sultanahmet Arkeolojik Park (Sultan Ahmed Archaeological Park), we arrived at Hagia Sophia. Hagia Sophia has a very complex and fascinating history. Since its completion in 573, Hagia Sophia has been a Christian cathedral (1054), a Greek Orthodox Cathedral (from 1054 to 1204), a Roman Catholic cathedral (1204 to 1261), yet again a Greek Orthodox cathedral (1261 to 1453), and finally an Ottoman imperial mosque until its conversion into a museum in 1935.

Hagia Sophia

Hagia Sophia

One would think following conversion to an Islamic place of worship that vestiges of Hagia Sophia’s Christian beginnings would have been purged. Not so. Although the fall of Constantinople, as Istanbul was then known, was accompanied by a brutal treatment of the conquered, many of the church’s Christian mosaics and decorations remained, and later steps were taken to carefully preserve them with the restorations of 1717 and 1847.

Hagia Sophia

I would like to take a moment to discuss the people of Istanbul . . . and many other Islamic nations I’ve visited over the years.  Almost without exception I’ve found the Muslim citizens of these countries to be incredibly friendly and helpful. For instance, when Ursula and I visited Egypt with our two young daughters in 1984, an elderly gentleman inquired as to our country of origin. When we replied that we were from the United States, his eyes lit up and he promptly invited us to lunch . . . his treat! Below is a photo of Ursula with a citizen of Istanbul who, upon hearing us speak, asked if he might act as a guide for a tour of the Blue Mosque. Think a resident of Istanbul would receive similar treatment while visiting, say, New York City? Neither do I.

Ursula with our impromptu “guide” — a friendly resident of Istanbul

The “secret” to such experiences with locals, no matter where you go, isn’t really much of a secret. Treat people with respect. Don’t verbally make apples-to-oranges comparisons between your country and destination you are touring. Be open to new experiences, from culture to cuisine. Don’t be flashy, ostentatious, or boisterous. In other words, don’t be The Ugly American.

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54 Days at Sea — Arriving Istanbul


Istanbul — Blue Mosque

MS Prindendam arrived to the port of Istanbul early in the morning of April 16. Here we would overnight, giving us two full days to visit one of my favorite cities. Ursula and I had spent some time here several years before, but not by cruise ship and before digital photography displaced analog. So, we knew where we wanted to go, and what we wanted to photographically capture.

Istanbul

The mosques of Istanbul are some of the most impressive and historically significant you’ll find anywhere in the world. And they are, quite simply, an absolute marvel to photograph. One such structure is the Sultan Ahmed Mosque, also known as the Blue Mosque built between 1609 and 1616.

Blue Mosque

The Sultan Ahmed Mosque is one of only three mosques in Turkey sporting six minarets. The mosque also contains an impressive courtyard, and the structure is set amid several gardens.

Blue Mosque courtyard

Istanbul

Inside the Blue Mosque are elaborately decorated vaulted ceilings.

Blue Mosque

As there is so much to see and do here in Istanbul, we’ll be spending the next three weeks exploring this fascinating destination. On Wednesday we’ll do a more in-depth tour of the Blue Mosque, then mosey along to foot a short distance to the north northeast for a visit to the equally impressive and historically intriguing Hagia Sophia.

Istanbul

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El Paso International Airport and Biggs Army Airfield Histories — Part 3


El Paso ATCT “Firsts”:

There are several ‘firsts’ associated with El Paso International Airport and the FAA Airport Traffic Control Tower (ATCT) facility which serves it. In the early 1960s the FAA commissioned famed architect I.M. Pei to design a new type of control tower. The FAA originally intended to install Pei towers at 50 airports around the country, although this number would eventually drop to 16. The Pei towers were taller and more advanced than any control tower used at the time. The first Pei tower, which was also the first U.S. control tower over 130 feet in height, was commissioned at El Paso International in 1968. The Pei tower design pioneered at El Paso eventually went into service at some of the busiest airports in the country, including Chicago O’Hare, Lambert-St. Louis International, Houston Intercontinental, and Tampa International.

I.M. Pei-designed Control Tower — The first and one of the last still in use

In 1998, the FAA selected El Paso Airport Traffic Control Tower’s Terminal Radar Approach Control (TRACON) as the test site for the most ambitious terminal radar automation upgrade in over thirty years. The Standard Terminal Automation Replacement System (STARS) replaced the antiquated ARTS IIIA (Automated Radar Terminal System), which was designed back in the mid-1960s. El Paso went operational with the earliest test version of STARS on December 10, 1999, and successfully implemented STARS ‘Full Service Version 1’ on April 30, 2002. Since then, STARS has become the standard system throughout the FAA, and is an integral part of the TAMR (Terminal Automation Modernization Replacement) system currently being installed across the nation.

El Paso ATCT TRACON (Terminal Radar Approach Control) with STARS radar displays

Throughout NASA’s Space Shuttle program, shuttle pilots departed El Paso International Airport in specially modified Gulfstream II aircraft called the STA (Shuttle Training Aircraft). These STAs would fly to the military ranges to the north climbing to 18,000 feet, and then practice a 20° descent approach at 300-knots/345 mph/556 kph to a runway. Compare that to a normal jet approach of 3° at 150 knots.

Upon completion of several approaches, usually around ten, the STA would then head south and recover at El Paso International Airport. (To read about what it was like to fly on one of these training missions, see: Flying on a Shuttle Training Mission)

Modified Gulfstream II Shuttle Training Aircraft (STA)

A less auspicious “first” occurred in El Paso on August 3, 1961. Leon Bearden and his son, Cody, were the first people in the U.S. to hijack a jetliner. The two were aboard Continental Flight 54, a Boeing 707 flying to Houston from Los Angeles with scheduled stops along the way in El Paso and San Antonio. Over New Mexico the elder Bearden pulled out one of the two guns he and Cody had smuggled aboard. He then took a flight attendant hostage, forced his way into the cockpit, and demanded that the pilots fly them to Cuba. Captain Byron Rickards (who also just happens to hold the Guinness World Records distinction of being the first pilot ever hijacked in an incident that occurred thirty years prior in Peru) convinced Bearden that the plane would have to land at El Paso to take on enough fuel for the flight. Four passengers volunteered to remain aboard the 707 as hostages, and the Beardens allowed the remaining passengers to disembark.

Two-time World Record Holder Byron Rickards —
World’s first aircraft hijacking (Peru, 1931); U.S.’s first jetliner hijacking (El Paso, 1961)

After nine hours of stalling, the elder Bearden demanded the pilot take off immediately. As the plane turned for the runway the FBI opened fire, flattening the tires and disabling one of the engines. One of remaining hostages, off-duty Border Patrol agent Leonard Gilman, who was also a former boxer, took advantage of the distraction to strike Leon Bearden. Bearden went down, stunned. The FBI stormed the plane, taking both father and son into custody. And Leonard Gilman walked away a hero with a broken hand from the blow he delivered to Leon Bearden’s face.

First U.S. jetliner hijacking (Boeing 707) — El Paso, August 3, 1961

© 2018 R. Doug Wicker

Friday — El Paso International Airport Today

© 2018 R. Doug Wicker

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