Tag Archives: firearm review

Winchester Rifles — Part 2


P1060381

Winchester Model 1894 Rifles

John Moses Browning is the most famous gun designer in history. His accomplishments include:

  • The Colt Model 1911, a pistol that has endured in the U.S. military for over 100 years, and the design basis for nearly every locked-breech handgun made to this day.
  • The Browning Hi-Power (completed nine years after Mr. Browning’s death in 1926), the first truly successful double-stacked magazine handgun — a weapon that would later go on to serve in the military of over 50 nations
  • The world’s first gas-operated machine gun, which in turn led to the incredible Browning .50-caliber Machine Gun and the equally famous Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR) of World War II fame
  • And, of course, the later much-improved versions of the Winchester lever-action rifles.

Browning’s first design for the Winchester Company was the Model 1886, designed for the most powerful rifle cartridges of that era. The Model 1886 would later form the basis for the Winchester Model 71, which was made for 23 years beginning in 1935.

But by the early 1890s the Winchester Model 1873, last of the true pistol caliber Winchester rifles up to that point, was showing its age. Winchester once again turned to Mr. Browning for a replacement. The story goes that Winchester Company President Thomas Gray Bennett offered Mr. Browning a bonus of $10,000 if Browning could design the replacement for the Model 1873 in 90 days, and a $15,000 bonus if he could do it in just sixty. Mr. Browning countered with an offer to produce the new design in less than a month if Mr. Bennett would increase that offered bonus. Mr. Bennett agreed, and less than thirty days later the genius John Moses Browning walked off with $20,000 dollars after dropping off the Model 1892 design.

P1060382

Winchester Model 1894 Rifles

It is most often this rifle you see, the Model 1892, whenever you watch John Wayne spin-cock a loop-lever rifle in Westerns from El Dorado to True Grit. And, as previously mentioned, it is the Model 1892 that somehow found its way back in time and into the hands of New Mexico Rancher Lucas McCain almost a dozen years before its introduction.

What is spin-cocking, by the way? It’s a Hollywood invention, but it’s neat-looking as all get-out:

It’s also impractical as all get-out. The rifle shown had to be specially modified to keep the cartridge blank from falling out of the chamber as the rifle is twirled. It’s also dangerous as all get-out, in that you’re more likely to shoot yourself trying this than you are to bring the weapon to bear on a man wearing a black hat.

Ready for Inspection

Ready for Inspection

Which brings us to the rifles shown in this weekend’s mini-blog series, the Winchester Model 1894. The Model 1894 is again a John Browning design, but unlike his pistol-caliber Model 1892 this rifle has more in common with his Model 1886 — it’s chambered for rifle rounds. Indeed, the .30-30 was invented with this rifle in mind, and the Model 1894 in that cartridge was for over 100 years the hunting rifle of choice for many deer hunters in the U.S.

Winchester Model 1894 Rifles

Winchester Model 1894 Rifles

Winchester Model 1894 Rifles

Winchester Model 1894 Rifles

I hope you enjoyed this bit of Western firearm history. Tomorrow we’ll return to our tour of Québec from the MS Maasdam.

Bibliography links to today’s blog topics:

5 Comments

Filed under Firearms, R. Doug Wicker

Winchester Rifles — Part 1


A Pair to Draw to — Winchester Model 1894 Rifles

A Pair to Draw to — Winchester Model 1894 Rifles

Today begins Part 1 of a two-part special weekend blog on post-Civil War Wild West rifles in general, and Winchester lever-action rifles in particular. This will not be a shooting review, for the weapons depicted here are twenty years old and still unfired outside of the original proofing before leaving the now defunct Winchester plant in New Haven, Connecticut back in 1994.

Centennial Version of the Model 1894

Centennial Version of the Model 1894

Yes, that means these particular rifles are centennial editions. The receivers are stamped “1894-1994.” That doesn’t really increase the value much, as post-1964 Winchester Model 1894 rifles are not as in demand as those that stuck to the original design and manufacturing techniques dating back to the 19th Century.

And It's Matched Partner

And It’s Matched Partner

But the story doesn’t end with the demise of Winchester or Winchester’s Connecticut facility. The Winchester brand is still alive, and new Winchester-branded lever-action rifles are being made in Japan courtesy of our Belgian friends at FNH (see my review here of their exquisite FNX-45). But be prepared to spend upwards of $1,200 for one of these new versions.

Not only can you still obtain a Winchester-branded Model 1894 and other lever-action rifles, you can also acquire off-brand examples of some of Winchester’s earlier rifles, such the pistol-caliber Model 1892 favored by John Wayne and used in equally anachronistic fashion by Lucas McCain (played by the late Chuck Connors) in The Rifleman (1958 to 1963). I say “anachronistic” because the Model 1892 was used in many Westerns set in years far earlier than 1892 — the year it was first produced. Indeed, the Rifleman was set in the New Mexico Territory in the early 1880s, so his rifle should have been the Winchester Model 1873!

By the way, check out the bibliography links below to see how to purchase a version of Lucas McCain’s Winchester ’92. Or, click on this link:


However, lest you think you’re getting a true Winchester when you get a new Model 1873, 1886, or 1892, think again. These copies are made by several companies totally unrelated to the original Winchester Company — Rossi of Brazil and Chiappa of Italy to name a couple.

P1060392

What you see here are two Winchester Model 1894 Trapper carbines with 16-inch barrels. The Model 1894 produced by Winchester from 1894 through 2006 has sold more copies than any other sport hunting rifle ever produced — over 7,000,000 copies. One rifle is chambered in .30-30 (originally called .30 WCF for Winchester Center Fire).  This cartridge was specifically designed for the Model 1894, and arrived on the scene in 1895. The other example shown is not nearly as common. That one is chambered in the .44 Magnum handgun cartridge.

P1060383

.30-30 (.30 WCF)

.44 Magnum

.44 Magnum

Now for a little lever-action history lesson: The first lever-action design dates back to the mid-1850s and inventor Walter Hunt, who briefly tried to develop his “Volition Repeating Rifle” in a joint venture with famed gun makers Horace Smith and Daniel B. Wesson.

The first truly successful lever-action rifles would come about in 1860, with the introduction of the Spencer Repeating Rifle and the much more famous Henry Repeating Rifle invented by Benjamin Tyler Henry for his employer Oliver Winchester. It is this rifle that spawned Winchester’s dominance in the lever-action rifle market for decades to come.

Which brings us to the line of rifles that tamed the Wild West. The title “The Rifle that Won the West” rightly belongs to the Winchester Model 1873, the first Winchester lever-action rifle to chamber much more reliable center-fire cartridges rather than the rim-fire ammunition used by its predecessor, the Winchester Model 1866. The Winchester 1873 would become one of the most successful Winchester products of all time and would even star in its own movie — Winchester ’73, co-starring Jimmy Stewart.

The Winchester Model 1873 was designed for pistol ammunition — .32-20, .38-40, and the famous .44-40 rounds. There was a huge advantage to having a rifle chambered in the same round as was used in your handgun, and that was the need to only purchase and carry one type of ammunition for both your short-range and long-range weapons.

The first true rifle cartridge lever-action would have to wait until the Winchester Model 1876 some three years later, and it was a hearty beast indeed. The Winchester Model 1876 could be had in the awesome (for its day) .50-95 buffalo cartridge.

Links to people, companies, and weapons mentioned in this article are produced below the closeup photos below.

Tomorrow: The inimitable John Moses Browning graces Winchester with his brilliance.

"Trapper" length 16-inch barrels

“Trapper” length 16-inch barrels

Forestocks

Forestock

Receivers and Levers

Receivers and Levers

 

Stocks

Stocks

Bibliography for Today’s Topic:

3 Comments

Filed under Firearms, R. Doug Wicker

Beretta Cx4 Carbine and the EOTech 512 Holographic Sight


Beretta Cx4 Storm 9mm Carbine

Beretta Cx4 Storm 9mm Carbine

Last week we took a look at the amazing .45 ACP FNX-45 from Belgian firearms manufacturer Fabrique Nationale d’Herstal, otherwise known as FNH or even just FN.  Today we’ll look at another home defense option from Europe — Beretta’s CX4 Storm.

The Cx4 is a pistol-caliber carbine that comes with several options that make this a rather unique weapon.  First is caliber choice:  9mm, .40 S&W, or .45 ACP (if you live in a country where military calibers are banned from the civilian market — Italy readily comes to mind — you can also opt for 9x21mm IMI).  The second choice is a truly intriguing one; you can match your carbine’s magazine choice to your Beretta pistol.

Beretta Cx4 Storm

Beretta Cx4 Storm

That means if you own a Beretta M9/92/96 you can get a Cx4 that accepts those same magazines, or you can purchase a magazine release button and magazine well insert that will convert your Cx4 to match your existing handgun magazines.  The same goes for owners of the following Beretta pistols:  Px4 Storm, Cougar 8000/8040.

The Cx4 being reviewed today is a 9mm that came from the factory equipped to handle magazines compatible with the Px4.  It came with two 17-round Px4 magazines, and I’ve since acquired two more 20-round Px4 magazines.  Today’s bonus review is on the EOTech 512 laser diode holographic sight.  Together these two make for a formidable defensive combination.

Cx4 with mounted EOTech 512 holographic sight

Cx4 with mounted EOTech 512 holographic sight

The Cx4 matched to Px4 magazines comes in a hard plastic carrying case with padded top lid, two 17-round Px4 magazines, instruction manual, lock, cleaning rod with attachments, full-length aluminum Picatinny rail along the top, retractable single-notch Picatinny rail that extends from the forestock directly beneath the barrel, and a two-notch Picatinny rail that can be attached to either side of the forestock.  A spacer is included to extend the butt by .60 inches (15mm).  Additional spacers can be purchased and up to three total can be stacked in place to extend the butt even further.  A two-position aperture rear sight gives both long and short ranging options.  It’s an impressive kit which, with all the rail options, allows for considerable customization — an optical sight, a laser sight, and even a tactical flashlight can all be attached just with the included hardware.

Front Picatinny rail retracted; Included side-mount rail installed on right side

Front Picatinny rail retracted; Included side-mount rail installed on right side

Front Picatinny rail extended and ready for a tactical light

Front Picatinny rail extended and ready for a tactical light

And as if all that weren’t enough, you can take the weapon apart and reassemble it to make the Cx4 truly compatible to your needs should you be a left-handed shooter.  By that I mean not only reversing the charging handle, magazine release, and manual cross-bolt safety button, I’m also referring to the extraordinary fact that you can reverse the ejection port so that spent casings are tossed to your left rather than the normal right.

But how does it shoot?  First of all this is most assuredly not a hunting rifle (although I suppose it could reasonably be used for small game out to a range of perhaps 100 yards).  Thus, this is not your run-of-the-mill rifle trigger.  It leans toward the heavy side with more effort to trip the internal hammer than even most handguns require.  That’s not a problem however when one considers the roll Beretta envisioned for this weapon when they designed it.  The Cx4 is a civilian semiautomatic defense variation of Beretta’s fully automatic Mx4 Storm designed for both military and police forces.

In other words the Cx4 is derived from a weapon that was designed for close-quarters combat and room-to-room sweeping.  As such I wouldn’t expect for it to have a three- or four-pound trigger as that would render the weapon much less safe for its intended use.  Yes, the factory trigger parts and hammer are plastic, but so what?  They work, and they work very well.  Oh, sure, you can buy all metal trigger and internal hammer after-market component kits for the Cx4 that will greatly improve the trigger weight and feel, but why bother?  Certainly not for accuracy, as I’ll demonstrate.

Twenty rounds went through that small hole!

Twenty rounds went through that small hole!

The above image is a photograph of a 20-round grouping I managed with the Cx4 at a distance of about 15 yards (about 14 meters) using an EOTech 512 holographic sight (more on that sight later).  You will note that after properly sighting in the EOTech I was able to place all twenty rounds inside of one ragged hole approximately one inch (2.54cm) in diameter (I was sighting in on the “8”, in case you’re wondering).  All shots were made from a standing, unbraced, handheld position.  I wish I could manage a grouping six times that large with any of my handguns at that range, but that’s beyond my abilities.

As one would expect from a weapon firing 9mm while weighing in at nearly 5.7 pounds (about 2.58 kilograms) recoil is exceedingly manageable.  Muzzle rise is almost nonexistent, and target reacquisition is nearly immediate.  In my view this characteristic alone more than negates those “heavy” trigger concerns expressed by others.

So, now you know where I’m going with this review, and it’s contrary to many of the reviews you read about the Cx4 and its reportedly “heavy” trigger.  The Cx4 is more than adequate for the purpose for which it was designed — close-quarter defense in an urban environment.  In other words it’s great bordering perhaps on perfect for home defense.  This would also be the weapon I would want around if I were a rancher out in the boonies two hours away from the nearest sheriff substation.  It’s just that versatile and that well made.  Unfortunately the Beretta Cx4 Storm is also considered “bad” by Senator Dianne Feinstein (as well as Michael Bloomberg and others), and thus made her proposed list of weapons to be banned.  For an explanation of the completely arbitrary nature of what it took to get on Senator Feinstein’s list and her equally arbitrary definition of “assault” weapon please refer to:  Hate to Say, “I Told You So,” But . . . .

Disassembly is certainly not as easy as a modern handgun such as the FNX-45 or SIG P22(X), but it’s not bad either.

Remove the

Remove the disassembly latch by pushing it out of the frame

Slide the barrel and bolt assembly off the receiver

Slide the barrel and bolt assembly off the receiver

Remove the charger handle and slide out the bolt

Remove the charging handle and slide out the bolt

Now for a word or two about the EOTech 512 that allowed the Cx4 to achieve those impressive accuracy results.  The EOTech 512 projects a laser image onto what is basically a small “Head-Up Display.”  The eye relief is for all practical purposes infinite, which is great for those of us who wear glasses (note how far down I placed this particular EOTech 512 on the reviewed Cx4).  It’s also perfect for both-eyes-open shooting, which is a skill you definitely want to acquire before you ever find yourself in a defensive situation.

P1040614

EOTech 512 sight mounted atop the Cx4 Picatinny rail

The EOTech 512 is powered by two AA alkaline (good for 600 hours of use) or AA lithium (1,000 hours) batteries, but I’ve read that battery drain does occur when the sight is supposedly turned off so make sure you check it once a week or so, or remove the batteries altogether if storing the weapon for long periods.  This is easy to do since the top-mounted battery compartment disengages from the main unit without having to remove 512 after it’s sighted.  Battery check is accomplished by watching the laser reticle during activation — if it flashes when the unit is first turned on then the batteries need replacement.

The laser reticle displays a circle that is 65 minutes-of-arc in diameter (MOA) with a 1 MOA dot in the center.  That 1 MOA equates to approximately 1 inch at 100 yards — much more than the accuracy required of a defensive weapon, but only half to a quarter of the accuracy you’d want from a good, high-power hunting rifle.

What you see peering through the EOTech 512

What you see peering through the EOTech 512

The 512 is fully adjustable for both azimuth and elevation at a rate of 0.5 MOA per click.  Brightness level range is 110,000-to-1, making the 512 adaptable for anything from the brightest sunlight to the darkest room late at night.  The automatic shut-off is either eight or four hours depending on how the unit is activated.  Using the brightness increase button to turn on the 512 gives you the full eight hours while using the brightness decrease button for activation cuts that time in half.

The EOTech 512 is far from cheap, however.  It is after all military-grade.  Indeed, the example reviewed here retails for close to half the cost of the weapon upon which it is mounted.  Still, I believe that’s money well spent considering the quality, features, and the proven inherent ruggedness of the design.

This will be the last firearm review for at least the next several weeks.  Over the next two weeks (following this week’s Fun Photo Friday) we’ll be returning to the topics of travel and photography as we take a look at the town of the moment — Sochi, Russia.

5 Comments

Filed under Firearms